北風狂

INTRODUCTION TO ECONOMIC AMPLIFIERS
Economic amplifiers are the active components of economic engineering.
The basic characteristic of any amplifier (mechanical, electrical, or economic) is that it receives an input control signal and delivers energy from an independent energy source to a specified output terminal in a predictable relationship to that input control signal.
經濟放大器是經濟工程裡活躍的部分。
任何放大器(機械、電子、經濟)基本特徵是接收輸入控制訊號，然後從能量源裡傳遞能量，至指定的輸出端，而輸出能量跟輸入訊號是一個可預測的關係。

電子元件的放大器，用途是放大訊號，一般訊號所使用的電流或電壓，通常都很小，0~5V、0~10V、4~20mA等等....不足推動負載(冰箱、馬達等耗電量大的元件)，所以訊號線再接上放大器，把訊號放大後再接負載。當然放大器提供能量不是憑空而來，需接電源。輸入訊號跟輸出電壓或電流，其關係是可控制的，可以複雜也可簡單。
例如 輸入5V，則輸出20、30V，看放大器設計。
The simplest form of economic amplifier is a device called advertising.
而最簡單的經濟放大器的形式是廣告。
If a person is spoken to by a T.V. advertiser as if he were a twelve-yearold,
then, due to suggestibility, he will, with a certain probability, respond
or react to that suggestion with the uncritical response of a twelve-year-old
and will reach into his economic reservoir and deliver its energy to buy that
product on impulse when he passes it in the store.
如果一個人經過商店，被電視廣告說他就像是12歲，因為這暗示，他可能會以12歲小孩不嚴謹地方式回應，然後一時衝動，伸手進他的錢包，傳遞他的"能量"(購買產品)。
An economic amplifier may have several inputs and outputs. Its
response might be instantaneous or delayed. Its circuit symbol might be a
rotary switch if its options are exclusive, qualitative, "go" or "no go," or it
might have its parametric input/output relationships specified by a matrix
with internal energy sources represented.
一個經濟放大器也許有幾個輸入跟輸出，它響應也許是立即或延遲的。它的電路符號，也許是個旋轉開關定性地，去或不去。或是其輸入/輸出，有個參數關係以矩陣表示。
Whatever its form might be, its purpose is to govern the flow of energy
from a source to an output sink in direct relationship to an input control
signal. For this reason, it is called an active circuit element or component.
無論其形式如何，其目的是控制能量的流動，從輸入之控制訊號與輸出有直接的關係。因此，稱為有源電路元件或元件。
Economic Amplifiers fall into classes called strategies, and, in comparison
with electronic amplifiers, the specific internal functions of an economic amplifier are called logistical instead of electrical.
經濟放大器從類別來看屬於策略。對比電子放大器的輸入輸出有顯著的函數關係，而經濟放大器則是邏輯關係。
Therefore, economic amplifiers not only deliver power gain but also,
in effect, are used to cause changes in the economic circuitry.
因此經濟放大器不僅傳遞功率增益，對經濟電路也有效果。
In the design of an economic amplifier we must have some idea of at
least five functions, which are
(1) the available input signals,
(2) the desired output-control objectives,
(3) the strategic objective,
(4) the available economic power sources,
(5) the logistical options.
在設計經濟放大器時，我們必須對，至少五個功能有一些想法，即
（1）可得的輸入信號，
（2）期望輸出(控制)目標，
（3）戰略目標，
（4）可得的經濟動力源，
（5）邏輯方案。
The process of defining and evaluating these factors and incorporating
the economic amplifier into an economic system has been popularly
called GAME THEORY [WC emphasis].
定義、評估這些因子(上面5要素)，併入經濟放大器，再放入經濟系統裡的這個過程，稱為遊戲理論[WC emphasis]，而這已經相當普遍。
The design of an economic amplifier begins with a specification of the
power level of the output, which can range from personal to national. The
second condition is accuracy of response, i.e., how accurately the output
action is a function of the input commands. High gain combined with
strong feedback helps to deliver the required precision..

經濟放大器的設計，一開始先規範輸出功率水平，範圍從個人至國家。第二步是響應的準確性，即輸入命令後產生的輸出，與預期的，能有多準確。高增益結合高反饋有助於提高傳遞所需的準確性。

Most of the error will be in the input data signal. Personal input data
tends to be specific, while national input data tends to be statistical.

最大的誤差將來自輸入數據信號。個人輸入數據往往是明確的，而國家輸入數據往往是統計的。
在電子放大器上，高增益表示輸入訊號小，而輸出大很多。反饋則是透過某傳感器，感知目標物當時的資料(溫度、位移、速度等等....)，回傳至放大器，修正輸出，使目標物更準確到達期望目標。工業上應用很多，例如CNC車铣床的載台，位移定位要精準，則必有光學尺這種位移傳感器sensor監視載台位置，因為它，載台定位才可如此精準(原因之一)，所以sensor的好壞(響應時間、解析度、線性度等)將影響結果的準確性。有個專有名詞叫:閉迴路控制，有閉就有開，而開迴路就是沒有sensor修正。

SHORT LIST OF INPUTS
Questions to be answered:
(1) what (3) where (5) why
(2) when (4) how (6) who

簡要輸入清單

需要回答的問題：
（1）什麼（3）哪裡（5）為什麼
（2）何時（4）如何（6）誰

General sources of information:
(1) telephone taps (3) analysis of garbage
(2) surveillance (4) behavior of children in school

一般資料來源：
（1）電話監聽（3）垃圾物分析
（2）監視（4）學校兒童的行為

Standard of living by:
(l)food (3) shelter
(2) clothing (4) transportation

生活水平：
（l）食物（3）住所
（2）服裝（4）運輸

Social contacts:
(1) telephone — itemized record of calls
(2) family — marriage certificates, birth certificates, etc.
friends, associates, etc.
(4) memberships in organizations
(5) political affiliation

社會互動：
（1）電話 - 逐項記錄的電話
（2）家庭-結婚證書，出生證等 朋友，聯繫人等
（4）組織成員
（5）政治派別